Explain hardy Schulze rule with examples.

Hint: The colloidal particles present in the colloidal solution come together and form a coagulant and the formed coagulant is going to settle down as a precipitate in the colloidal solution. The coagulation of the colloidal particles is going to occur by the addition of an electrolyte.
Complete step by step answer:
- In the question it is asked to explain the hardy Schulze rule.
- This hardy Schulze rule is going to explain the effect of charge on the electrolyte to form a coagulant in the colloidal solution.
- Generally we need an electrolyte having some charge on it to do the coagulation of the colloidal particles.
- The Hardy Schulze rule explains that the coagulating property of an electrolyte is going to increase with an increase in the charge on the electrolyte.
- For example the ions like $N{{a}^{+}}, M{{g}^{2+}}, A{{l}^{3+}}$ have a capability to do the coagulation but the ion $A{{l}^{3+}}$ has high capacity to do the coagulation of the colloidal particles when compared to the remaining two ions $N{{a}^{+}}, M{{g}^{+2}}$ .
- Because the charge on the aluminium $+3$ is very high when compared to the other ions mentioned.
- This process of explanation of the coagulating capacity of an electrolyte is called hardy schulze rule.
- Another example for hardy Schulze rule is to coagulate the positive sol there is a need of a negative electrolyte.

Note: The greater the charge on the electrolyte the greater will be the coagulating capacity of a particular electrolyte. The ions which are reasonable for the coagulation and they are present in the electrolyte are called coagulating ions.