State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.

Hint: Learn how the magnetic flux linked with the circuit changes. It can change by moving the magnet from its initial position. So, the emf produces in the loop.

Complete step by step answer:

Faraday’s law is the basic law of electromagnetism predicting how a magnetic field will interact with an electric circuit to produce an electromagnetism (EMF) – phenomenon known as electromagnetic induction.

Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction

First law-
Faraday’s first law of electromagnetic induction states that whenever the flux of magnetic field through the area bounded by a closed loop changes, an emf is produced in the loop.
The flux may be changed in a number of ways. In any case, as long as the flux keeps changing, the emf is present. And that produced emf drives an electric current through the loop.

Second law –
Faraday’s second law of electromagnetic induction states that the magnitude of induced emf is directly proportional to the time rate of change in magnetic flux linked with the circuit.

The emf is given by
$\begin{align}
  & \varepsilon \propto \dfrac{d\Phi }{dt} \\
 & \varepsilon =-\dfrac{d\Phi }{dt} \\
\end{align}$
Where, $\Phi $ is the flux of magnetic fields through the area.

Additional Information:

The SI unit of magnetic field is weber and tesla –metre square in MKS unit.

Note: If the flux increases with time, $\dfrac{d\Phi }{dt}$is positive and $\varepsilon $ is negative. The current which flows in the circuit is negative. It means the direction will be opposite to the arrow put on the loop. But if flux decreases with time, $\dfrac{d\Phi }{dt}$is negative and $\varepsilon $ is positive. The current which flows in the circuit is positive. It means the direction of current is along the arrow.