The present perfect continuous tense usually follows the construction:
a. Has/have + past participle
b. Has/have been + the present participle [base verb + -ing]
c. Ending the verb with either –s or –es
d. None of the above.

Hint: A tense is a form of verb which provides details about the verb. Whereas, the present perfect continuous tense shows that something started in the past and is continuing at the present time. So, by deduction its construction will be a combination of past & present.

Complete answer:
Let us discuss the present perfect continuous tense, it shows that an action started in the past and has continued to the present moment. The present perfect continuous usually emphasizes duration, or the amount of time that an action has been taking place
It is formed by using – has/have + been + present participle [base verb + - ing]

So, by this discussion we can say that the correct solution is given in the option – b – has/have been + the present participle [base verb + - ing].
The other options are incorrect because they do not share the needed rule to be present perfect continuous tense.

Note: To provide the correct answer for these kinds of questions one has to be familiar with the rules and regulations of English grammar. That way the chances of making a mistake would be minimized.