What is calcination?

Hint: A thermal treatment process in the absence or limited supply of air or oxygen applied to ores and other solid materials to bring about a thermal decomposition, phase transition, or removal of a volatile fraction.

Complete step-by-step answer:
Calcination is a thermal treatment measure within the sight of air applied to metals and other strong materials to achieve a warm deterioration, stage progress, or evacuation of an unstable part. The calcination cycle ordinarily happens at temperatures underneath the softening purpose of the item materials. Calcination is to be recognized from broiling, in which more mind-boggling gas-strong responses occur between the heater environment and the solids.
Calcination responses, as a rule, happen at or over the warm deterioration temperature.
For instance, in limestone calcination, a deterioration cycle, the substance response is;
${ CaCO }_{ 3 }{ \rightarrow CaO+CO }_{ 2 }$

Additional Information:
Calcination is derived from a Latin word calcinare which means “to burn lime”. Hence, calcination is mostly used in the decomposition of limestone to lime and carbon dioxide.
This process is used for carbonate and hydroxide ores.
Carbon dioxide and water are produced along with metal oxide.
It is done in a reverberatory furnace. The holes in the furnace are kept closed.

Note: The possibility of making a mistake is that you may confuse between calcination and roasting. Calcination occurs in the absence of air while roasting occurs in the presence of air.