What is monogenic inheritance?

Hint: The process by which genetic information is passed down from parent to child is known as inheritance. This explains why individuals of the same family exhibit comparable traits. Genes, which are Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (DNA) pieces that code for certain functional proteins that can be transferred, store the information that is communicated.

Complete answer:
Monogenic inheritance is an inheritance pattern in which one set of alleles or a single gene defines a certain attribute. Polygenic inheritance is an inheritance pattern in which more than one set of alleles or more than one gene causes a certain trait.

Each gene has two alleles that determine the character, and as Mendelian Genetics proposes, these alleles segregate independently during gamete creation to produce a specific character. As a result, the main distinction between monogenic and polygenic inheritance is the number of genes involved in determining a given character. One trait is determined by a single gene in monogenic inheritance, whereas two or more genes determine one trait in polygenic inheritance.

A procedure in which a character is determined by a single gene that is passed down from parent to offspring is known as monogenic inheritance. This gene's two alleles are found in the same location. This inheritance pattern, also known as qualitative inheritance, depicts discontinuous differences in features.
Monogenic inheritance patterns are linked to sex-related genetic illnesses like Hemophilia, as well as certain observable qualities including ear lobe size (big or little), ear wax texture (dry or sticky), and the capacity or inability to roll the tongue.

Note: Polygenic Inheritance is a variation of Mendelian Inheritance in which two or more genes determine a single character. These two genes may be found in several loci. Quantitative inheritance is a pattern of inheritance that shows a continuous variation of a certain character.